Monument record MDO2018 - Iron Age hillfort on Pilsdon Pen, Pilsdon

A hillfort enclosing the southern end of Pilsdon Pen. The earthworks form an irregular oval enclosure consisting of two banks and ditches, and enclose an area of around 7¾ acres. Where the slope is less steep or absent there is an interval between the inner and the outer systems. There appear to have been three original entrances to the hillfort. A square earthwork in the centre is a pillow mound.

Pilsdon Pen hill-fort consists of an irregularly shaped oval enclosure of 7 3/4 acres, defended by two lines of ramparts and ditches usually with counter-scarp banks. When the slope is less steep or absent there is an interval between the inner and outer defences. The lines of the inner ditch on the north-east side and of the outer ditch on the south-west side are mutilated by hedge-banks. Except at the north-west end of the enclosure when there is no appreciable natural fall, the inner rampart appears to have been of no great height above the level of the interior, and in some places is entirely absent. There are now four entrances to the camp. That at the south-east end, where the defences are set back on each side of the opening, appears to be original. The entrance on the south-west side has a platform between the inner and outer systems on its south-east flank. The more westerly of the two entrances at the north end appears to be modern, but the more easterly is ancient and is masked by a convergence of the defences on both flanks. Two roughly rectangular sinkings at the north end of the camp, with slight banks running from them, possibly represent an earlier line of defences at this end. Near the middle of the fort is a square enclosure surrounded by a slight bank about 25ft. Wide with traces of an external ditch. On the south-west the bank is apparently formed by a pre-existing pillow-mound (For tumuli and pillow-mounds within the fort area, ST 40 SW 27 and 28). Near the middle of the square enclosure is a slight circular rise about 23 feet in diameter. <3>

The hillfort consists of a series of strong banks and ditches as shown on 1:2500 plan herewith and is situated in a commanding position with level ground only at the north west end. The description given by the Royal Commission is correct except that a slight inner slope to the inner bank may be traced throughout its course. The rectangular enclosure is surrounded by a bank 10 metres wide and 0.5 metres high with a vague inner and outer quarry ditch. The whole of the south-west side has been destroyed by a later pillow mound ('G' on plan). Of the original entrances (K, L, M) both 'L' and 'M' are approached by strong causeways. North-west entrance 'N' has a modern causeway across the ditch. <4>

Excavations initiated and supported by the owners of the site, Mr. and Mrs. Pinney of Bettiscombe Manor, were carried out at Pilsdon Pen by P.S. Gelling from 1964 to 1971. Work was concentrated in three areas: (1). Earthworks on north-west. These were found to be the remains of abortive defences that were never completed, including a central entrance, a double rampart and a ditch 6 feet deep. It was surmised that they were probably built shortly before the main defences, for which they were a first attempt. A small Roman sherd was found near the gateway. (2). Occupation Site. On the south side of the camp, opposite the square enclosure, two typical Iron Age round huts were excavated. Finds included a considerable amount of domestic refuse and a fragment of a crucible to which were adhering minute specks of gold. (3). Square Enclosure. Excavations revealed that there were originally circular huts on the site of the square enclosure. These were replaced by by a timber structure which measured about 180 feet along its north-west side. The beam slots for this building were rectangular in section (unlike the usual U-shaped Iron Age gullies) and seemed to suggest an aisled structure surrounding a central courtyard. Associated with it were two huts of horse-shoe shaped plan with similar sleeper beam slots. Within one of the huts was found a gold coin of Gallo-Belgic XV type, but there was very little domestic debris and no trace of hearths. The rectilinear structure appears to have been demolished after a few decades, and replaced by low banks. Some cobbling was laid in the interior, upon which was found a Roman ballista bolt. On top of the bank was a pit containing nearly 1000 slingstones. The mound shown by the Royal Commission (and O.S. plans) in the centre of the square may represent the south end of a diagonal mound clearly visible on air photographs but not satisfactorily identified during the excavation. It is suggested that the rectilinear and horseshoe structures represent a temple extant between about 80 BC and 40 BC, and ranking as one of the outstanding structures in later British prehistory. The low banks which replaced it about 40 BC are regarded as the token demarcation of a temenos area. The importance of the site is confirmed by the evidence of gold-working. <12> <15> <16>

ST 412 013. Pilsdon Pen. Listed in gazetteer as a multivallate hillfort covering 3.2ha. <17>

Excavation and Mesolithic flints found. <1> <19>

Centred ST 41200130. Pilsdon Pen Hillfort, a well-preserved multivallate fort of Iron Age date. Partially excavated 1964-1971 by P S Gelling: early defences concluded to be unfinished, hut foundations found in interior, site of temenos discovered. <15>

Re-excavated and reinstated 1982. Temenos reinterpreted as rabbit warren. (NRJE 12) S A J Probert 15-MAR-95 RCHME: Pilsdon Pen Survey

A small multivallate Iron Age hillfort located at the southern end of Pilsdon Pen ridge 650 metres south west of Higher Newnham Farm. One of 4 hillforts overlooking the western end of the Marshwood Vale within 10 kilometres, the nearest being 2.5 kilometres east. Within the hillfort are the remains of 2 Late Neolithic to Bronze Age burial mounds, a Medieval cultivation system and a post Medieval rabbit warren. Scheduled.(NRHE 13) EH scheduling amendment, 29-JAN-2001

Stewart, D, 2013, Pilsdon Pen, Dorset. A Geophysical Survey (Unpublished document). SDO21398.

<1> Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 scale, 1889 (Map). SWX1197.

Camp (NR)

<2> Ordnance Survey, 1900, Ordnance Survey 25-inch map, epoch two, OS 25" 1902 (Map). SDO11594.

(ST 412013) Camp (NR)

<3> Royal Commission on Historical Monuments England, 1952, An Inventory of Historical Monuments in the County of Dorset, Volume I (West), 179-180 (Monograph). SDO97.

‘(3) PILSDON PEN CAMP, hill-fort (Plate 71), occupies the S.E. end of Pilsdon Pen (909 ft. above O.D.), 1 m. N. of the church. The work consists of an irregularly shaped oval enclosure of 7¾ acres defended, along the contour, by two lines of ramparts and ditches usually with counterscarp-banks. Where the slope is less steep or absent there is an interval between the inner and the outer systems. The lines of the inner ditch on the N.E. side and of the outer ditch on the S.W. side are mutilated by hedge-banks. Except at the N.W. end of the enclosure where there is no appreciable natural fall, the inner rampart would never appear to have been of any great height above the level of the enclosure, in fact the inner scarp is now entirely absent in some portions.

There are now four entrances to the camp exclusive of one or two obviously modern paths over the ramparts. The entrance at the S.E. end, in which the outer defences are set back some distance on each side of the opening, would appear to have been an original entrance. The entrance on the S.W. side has a platform between the inner and outer systems on its S.E. flank. The other two entrances are both at the N. end. The more westerly is modern, but the more easterly is ancient and is masked by a convergence of the defences on both flanks.

At the N. end of the enclosure are two roughly rectangular sinkings with traces of a slight bank running S.E. from the S.E. side of each. It is possible that these sinkings represent an earlier main ditch at this end, the present system being perhaps a remodelling similar to that noted at Abbotsbury. In this connection it may be noted that the main rampart on the N.E. side changes direction sharply opposite these sinkings; on the other hand the outer system, by ignoring this change of direction, would seem to belong to the reconstruction.

Near the middle of the fort is a square enclosure surrounded by a slight bank approximately 25 ft. wide at its base and with traces of a slight external ditch. The bank on the S.W. is apparently formed by a pre-existing pillow-mound. Near the middle of the enclosure earlier investigations of the O.S. plainly show a mound. There is now just a suggestion of a very slight circular rise of perhaps about 25 ft. in diam.

Immediately to the E. of this enclosure is a second pillow-mound 107 ft. by 14 ft. There are similar but smaller mounds towards the S.E. end of the enclosure, on 15 yards N.W. of O.S. point 909 ft. is 38 ft. by 21 ft. and 1½ ft high; the second is 80 yards N.W. of the same point and is 42½ ft. by 22 ft. and 2 ft. high; the third, 80 yards N. of the O.S. point, is 48 ft. by 21 ft. and 2 ft. high. There are also two circular mounds, probably barrows, one 20 yards N.W. of the mound and the other 40 yards to the S. and 26 ft. in diam. and 1 ft. high. About 55 N.W. of O.S. point 909 ft. is a slight circular sinking about 12 ft. in diam.’

<4> Swatridge, G C, Various, Field Investigators Comments GCS, F1 GCS 04-MAR-55 (Unpublished document). SWX1169.

<5> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1965, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1964, 102 (Serial). SDO64.

<6> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1966, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1965, 90 (Serial). SDO65.

<7> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1967, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1966, 106-107 (Serial). SDO66.

<8> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1968, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1967, 123-125 (Serial). SDO67.

<9> Ordnance Survey, Ordnance Survey Map 6in, 1968 (Map). SWX1540.

Fort (NR)

<10> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1969, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1968, 166-167 (Serial). SDO68.

<11> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1970, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1969, 177-178 (Serial). SDO69.

<12> 2017, Current Archaeology, 78-81 2 1969-1970 (Serial). SDO17119.

<13> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1971, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1970, 126-127 (Serial). SDO70.

<14> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1972, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1971, 133-134 (Serial). SDO71.

<15> Prehistoric Society, 1977, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43, p. 263-86 Vol. 43 1977 (P S Gelling) (Serial). SDO17330.

<16> Cunliffe, Barry (ed ), 1978, Lowland Iron Age communities in Europe: papers presented to a conference of the Department for External Studies held at Oxford, October 1977, 34-37 48 (W Rodwell) (Monograph). SWX1070.

<17> Hogg, A H A, 1979, British hillforts: an index, 200 62 (Monograph). SDO17414.

<18> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1983, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1983, 139 (Serial). SDO83.

<19> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1983, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1982, 178-179 (Serial). SDO82.

<20> Lock, G, and Ralston, I, 2017, Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland [ONLINE], EN3603 (Digital archive). SDO17130.

<21> Ordnance Survey, 08-MAY-1996, OS/96569 V 122-3 (Aerial Photograph). SDO14566.

<22> National Monuments Record, 16-FEB-2005, NMR ST 4101/27-34 (NMR 23816/21-28) (Aerial Photograph). SDO14567.

<23> Dorset County Council, XX-XXX-2009, Dorset CC Vertical Digital Photo Tile, ST4101.ecw (Aerial Photograph). SDO13314.

<26> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03963 (Index). SDO14738.

FIRST PHASE BANK - SECTION

<27> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007323 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen/ink survey Antiquity Model: Revised

<28> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007324 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen/pencil survey

<29> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007325 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen, height and survey information

<30> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007326 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen, vegetation and management overlay

<31> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007327 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen, archaeological interpretation

<32> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 1007328 (Index). SDO14738.

Pilsdon Pen

<33> Historic England, Historic England Archive, 882569 (Index). SDO14738.

RCHME: Pilsdon Pen Camp, Dorset Also has 4 profiles

<34> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03962 (Index). SDO14738.

FIRST PHASE - BANK AND DITCH SECTION

<35> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03964 (Index). SDO14738.

FIRST PHASE BANK

<36> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03965 (Index). SDO14738.

FIRST PHASE - BANK SECTION

<37> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03966 (Index). SDO14738.

FIRST PHASE DEFENCE

<38> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AF1007320 (Index). SDO14738.

RCHME: Pilsdon Pen, Dorset RCHME Exeter surveyed the Iron Age hillfort and associated earthworks in 1995 at the request of the National Trust and English Heritage.Contents : 2 plans, 3 computer generated overlays, Antiquity Model, report, correspondence, survey data, disk, field record fors Condition : INTACT

<39> Historic England, Historic England Archive, BB71/06871 (Index). SDO14738.

SOUTH-WEST RAMPARTS

<40> Historic England, Historic England Archive, CC74/00413 (Index). SDO14738.

PLAN OF HILLFORT

<41> English Heritage, Scheduling Amendment, 29-JAN-2001 (Scheduling record). SDO17245.

<42> Historic England, Historic England Archive, P11754 1 (Index). SDO14738.

2. NE ENTRANCE. REF HSD 9/2/1258

<43> Historic England, Historic England Archive, P11755 1 (Index). SDO14738.

4. WEST ENTRANCE REF. HSD/9/2/1258

<44> Historic England, Historic England Archive, P11756 1 (Index). SDO14738.

3. NE ENTRANCE. REF. HSD 9.2.1258

<45> Historic England, Historic England Archive, RCH01/088 (Index). SDO14738.

RCHME Inventory: Dorset I (West) and Revision A collection of archive relating to the Dorset inventory Volume I (West Dorset) and to a proposed revision which was never published. The archive consists of a wide range of material including original field notes, surveys, profiles, photographs and negatives, measured drawings, and correspondence.

<46> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/03961 (Index). SDO14738.

INTERIOR - DOUBLE EXPOSURE

<47> Historic England, Historic England Archive, APs (CUC AX 82 HW 40) (Index). SDO14738.

<48> Historic England, Historic England Archive, P11753 1 (Index). SDO14738.

1. NE ENTRANCE REF. HSD 9/2/1258

Record last edited

Apr 7 2025 1:11PM