Monument record MDO4069 - Roman Villa at Park Farm, Iwerne Minster

Iron Age Settlement and Roman Villa (ST 856137), near Park House Farm Buildings, were excavated in 1897 by General Pitt-Rivers. The site is on Upper Greensand, about 230 ft above sea-level, on a gentle rise in the low-lying ground at the head-waters of the R Iwerne; from S and E it is overlooked by the higher ground of the escarpment. The Iron Age settlement is represented by numerous pits. From it came Durotrigian silver coins, a La Tene I bronze brooch, a bronze belt-link, and a bone weaving comb. In early Roman times the settlement was modified by the digging of ditches and sub-rectangular pits; finds of this period included coins from Vespasian to Commodus, brooches, and samian pottery of the 1st and 2nd centuries. No house site was found, but there were suggestions that the centre of occupation lay NW of the excavated area.

During the 3rd century a building, nearly rectangular in plan, 112 ft by 39 ft with flint footings 3 ft wide, occupied the western part of the site. The NE end of the building was divided into three rooms, 8 ft in length and respectively 7 ft, 13 ft and 8 ft in width. The entrance was probably on the NE where post-holes for a porch were found. The rest of the building, with a pit or post-hole at the centre measuring 8 ft by 2 1/2 ft by 6 ft deep, was partly flint-paved; it has been suggested that it was an aisled barn, although no holes or bases for aisle-posts were noted. Coins ranging in date from Gordian I to Tacitus were found in or near the building.

Lastly, c AD 300, a substantial building was erected on an oblong site levelled into the rising ground on the E, some 25 ft away from the building described above; it measures 126 ft by 18 ft and the walls, of flint rubble, 2 1/2 ft to 3 1/2 ft in thickness, remain standing in places to a height of 6 ft (Plate 48). The main range is divided into four compartments, and a fifth room, 16 ft square, projects from the NW side. A corridor or outbuilding lay along the SE side. The compartment at the NE end, 15 ft long, may have been a porch. The adjacent room, 64 ft long, was probably a cattle-shed since a stone-filled drain 2 ft wide extended down the centre of the range from a point 28 ft from the SW end of the room; a quern was found in situ near the middle of the western part of the room. Next on the SW is a room 27 ft long, roughly paved, and communicating by axial doorways 2 ft wide with the rooms to NE and SW. The SW room is paved with small slabs of Kimmeridge shale and its walls, except on the NE, are lined with plaster, painted with rectangular panels above a broad dado-line. The fifth room, on the NW, has doubled walls, the inner of which, only 4 ft high probably carried a floor; this is likely to have been a granary.
Coins ranging from Maximian to Decentius and New Forest ware and coarse pottery, found during the excavations, indicate occupation of the building until c AD 360. (Arch J CIV (1947), pp50-62). Finds and models in Farnham Museum, Dorset. Photographs in DCM)'. <3>

The structural remains of the Roman villa as depicted on OS 25" <1> have been ploughed out. The site is now marked by a heavy scatter of flints, tile, and some pottery sherds; it occupies a small terrace scarped into a gentle slope in an arable field. Pits attributed to the Iron Age settlement are no longer discernible as surface features. Farnham Museum, Dorset, is now closed; finds from the site have been transferred to Salisbury Museum (b). Detail deleted on 25" MSD. <4>

Discussion of the function of three of the villa buildings. <5>

Ten Roman coins reported to the Dorset County Museum were thought possibly to have come from the site of the villa. Identifications obtained by Roger Peers indicated dates from the late 3rd to the middle of the 4th century. <6>

Description of the C1st B.C. or C1st A.D. strap-unions found in context pre-dating the villa building. <7>

DO 19 Listed as the site of a Roman villa. <8>

<1> Ordnance Survey, Ordnance Survey 25 inch scale map, 1900 (Map). SDO18020.

ST 85691375 ROMAN BUILDING (R) (site of) (NAT)

<2> Ordnance Survey, Ordnance Survey Map 6in, 1962 (Map). SWX1540.

ST 85691375 ROMAN BUILDING (R) (site of) (NAT)

<3> Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England), 1972, An Inventory of Historical Monuments in the County of Dorset, Volume IV (North), 40-1 (Monograph). SDO99.

<4> Chaplin, C P, Various, Field Investigators Comments CC, F1 CC 09-FEB-78 (Unpublished document). SWX3450.

<5> Morris, Pat, 1979, Agricultural buildings in Roman Britain, 117, 121 (Monograph). SDO19013.

<6> Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1981, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society for 1979, 138 (Serial). SDO79.

<6.1> Livcock G E, 1960, Letter from Gp. Capt. G.E.Livcock to R.N.R.Peers, dated 18th May 1960 (Unpublished document). SDO14091.

<7> Taylor, R J, and Brailsford, J W, 1985, British Iron Age Strap-Unions; Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 247-272 (Article in serial). SDO20037.

<8> Scott, E, 1993, A Gazetteer of Roman villas in Britain, 53, no 1 (Bibliographic reference). SWX1795.

<9> Historic England, Historic England Archive, AA71/01268 (Index). SDO14738.

VIEW NORTH-EAST (ROUGH PATCH IN CENTRE OF FIELD IS THE SITE OF BUILDING B)

<10> Historic England, Historic England Archive, BB69/01714 (Index). SDO14738.

PLAN OF ROMAN VILLA

<11> Historic England, Historic England Archive, CC79/00011 (Index). SDO14738.

VIEW SOUTH SHOWING INNER SOUTH-WEST ANGLE OF 'PAINTED ROOM' EXCAVATED BY GENERAL PITT-RIVERS

<12> Historic England, Historic England Archive, CC79/00012 (Index). SDO14738.

GENERAL VIEW NORTH-EAST SHOWING PROJECTING GRANARY. EXCAVATED BY GENERAL PITT-RIVERS

<13> Historic England, Historic England Archive, CC79/00013 (Index). SDO14738.

VIEW NORTH AT EARLIER STAGE OF EXCAVATION SHOWING INNER FACE OF NORTH WALL OF 'PAINTED ROOM'. EXCAVATED BY PITT-RIVERS

<14> Historic England, Historic England Archive, CC79/00014 (Index). SDO14738.

VIEW NORTH-WEST SHOWING NORTH WALL OF 'PAINTED ROOM' EXCAVATED BY PITT-RIVERS

<15> National Record of the Historic Environment, 206061 (Digital archive). SDO14739.

Record last edited

Aug 8 2023 11:15AM